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Single photon emission computed tomography in a patient with unilateral auditory hallucinations
We report a patient with right unilateral auditory hallucinations in association with right-sided hearing loss and tinnitus, a degree of anxiety and depression leading to self-poisoning, and delusional elaboration of the sensory experiences. Poor performance in visuospatial neuropsychological tests sensitive to frontal lobe damage, and poor performance on a visuospatial recognition memory test at 12 s delay were associated with a relative reduction of regional cerebral tracer uptake in mainly right anterior cingulate and right posterior temporal cortex.
Calcium antagonists and multi‐infarct dementia: A trial involving sequential NMR and psychometric assessment
A double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial of the calcium antagonist Nimodipine in 10 patients with multi‐infarct dementia (MID) shows that there is no improvement when compared with 10 patients on placebo assessed by clinical ratings and sequential NMR imaging. The value of repeated NMR imaging in measuring changes in MID is described. Copyright © 1988 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Realist approaches to psychopathology. A critique
A conceptual unity of science can be achieved either by universal methodological criteria (critical rationalism), or by the assumption of an homogenous reality from which models, hypotheses, and theories are naturally derived (realism). In this paper realist approaches to psychology and psychopathology are evaluated with particular reference to Jaspers' General Psychopathology. Realism is found to obscure real differences between causal analysis and the analysis of meaningful connections.
[Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease--similarities in magnetic resonance imaging parameters and their possible explanation].
Eight demented and eight non-demented Parkinson patients are compared with ten controls and 22 Alzheimer patients. NMR images as well as NMR parameters (T1) show similarities within the demented and non-demented sub-groups. The neuropathological and physiological basis of this finding is discussed.
Personality associations with the uptake of the cerebral blood flow marker 99mTc-Exametazime estimated with single photon emission tomography
The associations between personality dimensions of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and individual differences in the regional uptake of 99mTc-Exametazime in brain were studied in 51 healthy volunteers. Extraversion was significantly correlated (r = 0.46, P <0.001) with tracer uptake in the anterior and posterior cingulate areas bilaterally, whereas no significant associations were found with neuroticism or psychoticism. The results are presented with reference to recent studies which have, on the one hand, interpreted extraversion differences in relation to theories of attention and, on the other, demonstrated the role of the cingulate area as a possible neuronal substrate for attentional processing mechanisms. © 1994.
The prediction of stress in carers: The role of behaviour, reported self care and dementia in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease
Stress scores were elicited from relatives living with Parkinsonian patients and correlated with various aspects of the patients' impairment. The (usually female) relatives looking after male patients reported higher levels of stress than husbands looking after their wives. In general, the best predictor of relatives' stress was the behavioural rating scale of the CAPE and a reported selfcare scale designed for the study. The relative contribution of Parkinsonian motor impairment and cognitive impairment to relatives' stress scores was examined. While motor impairment was still associated with relatives' stress after controlling for sex and cognitive deterioration, both dementia and cognitive impairment measured by the Mini‐Mental State Examination were not associated with relatives' stress if Parkinsonian disability was controlled for. Copyright © 1991 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.