Search results
Found 18357 matches for
Call up the (cognitive) reserves: how adult socialisation and education influences cognition in the UK Biobank.
INTRODUCTION: Dementia involves the loss of memory and degradation of cognitive function. Crucially, the onset of dementia may be prevented by identifying and modifying relevant risk factors years before disease onset in midlife. Commonly described modifiable risk factors include social isolation and…
Engagement and attrition in digital mental health: current challenges and potential solutions.
In digital mental health engagement rates are consistently low, which may limit its effects. Using an international multidisciplinary consensus method, including lived experience expertise and a systematic review, we identified three key challenges: (i) lack of agreed metrics for engagement; (ii) lack of evid…
Economic evaluation of caregiver interventions for children with developmental disabilities: A scoping review.
Globally, families with children with developmental disabilities (DDs) experience challenges, including social isolation, stigma, and poverty, especially in low-income settings in Africa. Most children with DDs in Africa remain unidentified and receive no formal support. Caregiver interventions focusing on education…
In Children, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Antibody Encephalitis Incidence Exceeds That of Japanese Encephalitis in Vietnam.
BACKGROUND: The recognition of autoimmune causes of encephalitis has led to epidemiological shifts in the worldwide characteristics of encephalitis. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibody encephalitis leads to well-established complex neuropsychiatric manifestations. In low- and middle-income…
Genomic risk prediction for type 2 diabetes in Australian individuals aged 70 years and older.
AIMS: The utility of a polygenic score (PGS) for type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been demonstrated in the general adult population. However, while previous studies have included older adults within broader age ranges, the performance of PGS specifically in older individuals aged ≥70 years remains unclear. We aimed t…
Tacrolimus monitoring in renal transplantation: A comparison between high-performance liquid chromatography and immunoassay
It is recommended that specific methods of tacrolimus monitoring rather than immunoassays, which overestimate tacrolimus levels, should be used in transplant recipients. Direct comparison of these techniques, however, has not been conducted in renal transplantation. In this study, 40 renal transplant re…
Exploring early childhood development programming in Kenya’s arid and semi-arid lands
Background: Promoting high-quality early childhood development (ECD) is vital for individuals’ physical and social well-being and yields significant societal returns. However, children in marginalised regions like Kenya’s arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs) face significant barriers to accessing quality ECD services.…
The cognitive neuroscience of ketamine in major depression.
Ketamine's potential as a rapid-acting antidepressant was first identified in 2000, despite its long-standing use as an anesthetic agent. Clinically, ketamine alleviates depressive symptoms, including the difficult to treat symptom of anhedonia, within hours, with the effects of a single dose lasting for days. Since t…
Commentary: The wars within – uncomfortable truths about the bullying of girls in conflict-affected societies
This commentary reflects on a timely and methodologically significant study by Silwal et al., which investigates bullying victimization among adolescents in conflict-affected Eastern Ukraine. Conducted in a context of fragility, social fragmentation, and resource scarcity, the study offers vital insights into how war…
Nonequilibrium brain dynamics elicited as the origin of perturbative complexity.
Assessing someone's level of consciousness is a complex matter, and attempts have been made to aid clinicians in these assessments through metrics based on neuroimaging data. Many studies have empirically investigated measures related to the complexity elicited after the brain is stimulated to quantify the l…
The arrow of time in Parkinson's disease
Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a system-level disorder that implicates brain network dynamics across multiple scales. Detecting the ‘arrow of time’, or temporal reversibility of the brain's information processing flow enables quantification of equilibrium in the brain and inferences on the hierarchical orga…
Non-local Schrödinger diffusion model reveals mechanisms of critical brain dynamics
Time-efficient computation is essential for survival. It has been proposed that this is made possible through the principle of criticality amplified by the rare long-range connections found in the brain's unique anatomical structure, which together provide the necessary non-local, distributed computation. Here, w…
Moral psychological exploration of the asymmetry effect in AI-assisted euthanasia decisions
A recurring discrepancy in attitudes toward decisions made by human versus artificial agents, termed the Human-Robot moral judgment asymmetry, has been documented in moral psychology of AI. Across a wide range of contexts, AI agents are subject to greater moral scrutiny than humans for the same ac…