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Vancomycin-Resistant E. faecium: Addressing Global and Clinical Challenges
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a profound threat to modern healthcare, with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) emerging as a particularly resilient and clinically significant pathogen. This mini-review examines the biological mechanisms underpinning VREfm resistance, including biofi…
Hypothalamic volume, sleep, and APOE genotype in cognitively healthy adults
INTRODUCTION: Sleep dysfunction in those at higher risk of dementia may be associated with early structural changes to the hypothalamus. METHODS: We used multivariate regression to analyze self-reported sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]) from cognitively healthy participants in the PREVENT De…
Sociodemographic influences on substance use in psychosis in an African cohort.
BACKGROUND: Substance use is common among individuals with psychotic disorders, but limited research exists on the variations in substance use across countries in Africa. This study aims to investigate the frequency of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and khat consumption in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD…
Global, Regional, and National Burden of Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.
IMPORTANCE: Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) represents the third most common stroke type with unique etiologies, risk factors, diagnostics, and treatments. Nevertheless, epidemiological studies often cluster SAH with other stroke types leaving its distinct burden estimates obscure. OBJECTIVE: T…
African leadership in brain diplomacy: The Yaoundé declaration advances the global brain economy playbook for better brain Health.
Africa, the world's second-largest continent is home to 1.5 billion people, accounting for nearly 20% of the global population, (60% under age 25). By 2050, Africa's population will be 2.5 billion, and by 2035, more young Africans will be entering the workforce each year than in the rest of the world combined. Afri…
A meta-analysis of the relationship between sleep and β-Amyloid biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease
Sleep has an important role for long-term memory consolidation. As deficits in learning and memory are clinical characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD), it has been suggested that disruptions in sleep-mediated consolidation processes are related to AD. Indeed, sleep disruptions and sleep disorders are often co…
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists and Mental Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
IMPORTANCE: People with obesity and diabetes have poorer psychiatric and cognitive outcomes and lower quality of life (QOL) compared with those without. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) are treatments for diabetes and obesity that may also influence psychiatric outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To…
Cognitive bias modification for social anxiety: protocol for a living systematic review of human studies and meta-analysis
Background Social anxiety is a heightened fear and discomfort in social situations. Cases of elevated distress and impaired functioning can lead to a clinical diagnosis of social anxiety disorder. Altering cognitive biases associated with social anxiety has been suggested as potentially beneficial; however, little is kn…
Missed opportunities in early psychosis care: Retrospective chart review of cardiovascular disease monitoring, disengagement and weight changes in a Ghanaian psychiatric hospital
Background Patients with psychosis face an elevated risk of cardiovascular mortality and are more likely to disengage from care. While antipsychotics are essential for treatment, they further increase this risk. Despite this, Ghana lacks a national policy for monitoring cardiovascular risk factors in individuals on…
Effects of 28-day simvastatin administration on emotional processing, reward learning, working memory, and salivary cortisol in healthy participants at-risk for depression: OxSTEP, an online experimental medicine trial.
BACKGROUND: Statins are among the most prescribed medications worldwide. Both beneficial (e.g. antidepressant and pro-cognitive) and adverse (e.g. depressogenic and cognitive-impairing) mental health outcomes have been described in clinical studies. The underlying neuropsychological mechanisms, w…
Incentivising participation in mental health app research: lessons learned from a mixed methods randomised controlled trial
Background User engagement is recognised as a critical and pervasive challenge that has limited the potential evidence base being developed for mental health apps. Aim To understand young people’s motivations for participating in a randomised controlled trial for a mental health app and the role of intrinsic…