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An MRI, SPECT and neuropsychological study of a patient presenting with Capgras syndrome.
A 25 year old male patient presented with the "delusion of doubles" (Capgras syndrome). The patient underwent detailed neuropsychological, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) investigations. The neuropsychological results indicated that he was of av…
Anxiety in older adults often goes undiagnosed.
Anxiety disorder in the elderly is twice as common as dementia and four to six times more common than major depression. Anxiety is associated with poorer quality of life, significant distress and contributes to the onset of disability. Mortality risks are also increased, through physical causes, especially cardiovascu…
Can exercise prevent cognitive decline?
As the tolerability of pharmacological agents decreases with age, exercise may be particularly helpful as a possible treatment or stabiliser of mood and cognitive function in older age. Exercise has been most commonly evaluated for the treatment of depression. Exercise interventions designed primarily for…
2-Deoxyglucose autoradiography and repeated electroconvulsive shock in rats
Semiquantitative autoradiography with tritiated deoxyglucose was performed on rats after a series of 10 electro-convulsive shocks (ECS) administered over 10 days. The purpose of the study was to identify changes in cerebral glucose uptake after ECS. Glucose uptake over a large number of grey and white mat…
European Psychiatric Association Guidance on psychotherapy in chronic depression across Europe.
PURPOSE: Patients with chronic depression (CD) by definition respond less well to standard forms of psychotherapy and are more likely to be high utilizers of psychiatric resources. Therefore, the aim of this guidance paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of current psychotherapy for CD. The evidence of…
Sub-threshold depressive symptoms and brain structure: A magnetic resonance imaging study within the Whitehall II cohort.
BACKGROUND: Late-life sub-threshold depressive symptoms (i.e. depressive symptoms that do not meet the criteria for a diagnosis of major depressive disorder) are associated with impaired physical health and function, and increased risk of major depressive disorder. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) stu…
Metabolic Syndrome and Symptom Resolution in Depression: A 5-Year Follow-Up of Older Adults.
OBJECTIVE: Although metabolic syndrome is associated with the incidence of depression, little is known about its contribution to the course of depression. We examined whether metabolic syndrome and its components are associated with long-term symptom resolution in older adults with depressive symptoms. M…
A systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies examining the relationship between mobility and cognition in healthy older adults.
Ageing is associated with declines in cognitive function and mobility. The extent to which this relationship encompasses the subdomains of cognition and mobility remains unclear, however. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for cross-sectional studies examining the association between objective…
METACOHORTS for the study of vascular disease and its contribution to cognitive decline and neurodegeneration: An initiative of the Joint Programme for Neurodegenerative Disease Research.
Dementia is a global problem and major target for health care providers. Although up to 45% of cases are primarily or partly due to cerebrovascular disease, little is known of these mechanisms or treatments because most dementia research still focuses on pure Alzheimer's disease. An improved understanding o…
The validity of the national adult reading test in estimating premorbid intellectual ability in long‐term survivors of hemispheric glioma and whole brain irradiation—a pilot study
We have examined the validity of using the National Adult Reading Test (NART) to estimate premorbid intellectual levels in long‐term survivors of glioma who had received whole brain prophylactic irradiation. Sixteen controls matched for age, sex, education and social class were compared with 16 patients. Patien…
Is 18F-FDG-PET suitable to predict clinical response to the treatment of geriatric depression? A systematic review of PET studies.
BACKGROUND: Geriatric depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in later life. It differs from earlier depression in its presentation, etiology, risk factors, protective factors and outcome. Positron emission tomography (PET) can be used to detect changes in neural circuitry in neuropsychi…
Driving and dementia: a clinical update for mental health professionals.
Most people with mild dementia can continue to drive, but dementia is progressive and many patients and clinicians will be faced with questions about driving safety in the course of their illness. Determining when this happens is a complex decision, with risks of personal and public safety needing to be weighed ag…
Diagnosing early cognitive decline-When, how and for whom?
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a term used to describe cognitive impairment in one or more cognitive domains that is greater than any expected age-related changes, but not of the magnitude to warrant a diagnosis of dementia. This review considers how early cognitive decline is diagnosed, focusing on t…
What can gait tell us about dementia? Review of epidemiological and neuropsychological evidence.
BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment and gait disorders in people over the age of 65 represent major public health issues because of their high frequency, their link to poor outcomes and high costs. Research has demonstrated that these two geriatric syndromes are closely related. METHODS AND RESULTS: W…
Color perception differentiates Alzheimer's Disease (AD) from Vascular Dementia (VaD) patients.
BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Vascular Dementia (VaD) are the most common causes of dementia in older people. Both diseases appear to have similar clinical symptoms, such as deficits in attention and executive function, but specific cognitive domains are affected. Current cohort studies have…
Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms Before Diagnosis of Dementia: A 28-Year Follow-up Study.
IMPORTANCE: Neuropsychiatric symptoms, depressive symptoms in particular, are common in patients with dementia but whether depressive symptoms in adulthood increases the risk for dementia remains the subject of debate. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the trajectory of depressive symptoms over 28 years…
Classification and characterization of periventricular and deep white matter hyperintensities on MRI: A study in older adults.
White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are frequently divided into periventricular (PWMH) and deep (DWMH), and the two classes have been associated with different cognitive, microstructural, and clinical correlates. However, although this distinction is widely used in visual ratings scales, how to best anatomicall…
Effect of age and the APOE gene on metabolite concentrations in the posterior cingulate cortex.
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) has provided valuable information about the neurochemical profile of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, its clinical utility has been limited in part by the lack of consistent information on how metabolite concentrations vary in the normal aging brain and in carrie…
Associations between Mobility, Cognition, and Brain Structure in Healthy Older Adults.
Mobility limitations lead to a cascade of adverse events in old age, yet the neural and cognitive correlates of mobility performance in older adults remain poorly understood. In a sample of 387 adults (mean age 69.0 ± 5.1 years), we tested the relationship between mobility measures, cognitive assessments, a…
Moderate alcohol consumption as risk factor for adverse brain outcomes and cognitive decline: longitudinal cohort study.
Objectives To investigate whether moderate alcohol consumption has a favourable or adverse association or no association with brain structure and function.Design Observational cohort study with weekly alcohol intake and cognitive performance measured repeatedly over 30 years (1985-2015). Multim…