Contact information
Research groups
RESEARCH and supervision OPPORTUNITIES
Supervision
I welcome proposals for MSc, DPhil, and PhD supervision.
Please send a CV and a draft proposal including background, research questions/hypotheses, methodology, proposed analysis plan, and anticipated outcomes. Please also include a writing sample. All projects will need to have an empirical basis.
The following topics align with expertise and interests in the lab:
- Methodological innovations in bioethics and/or moral psychology (e.g., the use of Virtual Reality, developing moral narratives through games).
- Understanding and addressing moral disagreements and moral inconsistency/hypocrisy.
- Moral, ethical, and social dimensions of human-animal relations and/or human-nature relations.
- Understanding the moral and ethical implications of introducing innovative technologies in health and medicine.
Kathryn Francis
PhD
Senior Researcher: Design Bioethics and Moral Psychology
I am a Senior Researcher with the Neuroscience, Ethics & Society (NEUROSEC) team in the Department of Psychiatry and a Senior Researcher in the Uehiro Oxford Institute.
I am Co-Director of the Design Bioethics Laboratory, with the Neuroscience, Ethics & Society (NEUROSEC) team at the Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, and the Wellcome Discovery Platform 'ANTITHESES'.
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My background is in experimental moral psychology and prior to my position at the University of Oxford, I directed the Moral Minds Lab at the University of Leeds as an Assistant Professor. I have a PhD in Experimental Psychology from the Marie-Curie funded CogNovo programme at Plymouth University, an MSc in Psychological Research, and a BSc in Psychology from Bangor University.
My research covers three central themes:
Moral disagreement and moral inconsistency
I research the way in which people navigate moral inconsistency and moral disagreement using innovative data collection tools, including Virtual Reality. The ultimate aim of this research is 1) to determine what factors contribute to moral inconsistencies and disagreements in these contexts, and 2) to investigate the use of innovative tools as valid and reliable methods to measure and support complex social and moral interactions.
Morality and human-animal/nature relations
The ultimate aim of this research is to understand how morally-relevant factors including moral beliefs (e.g., attitudes towards animals), moral emotions (e.g., disgust, elevation) and cognitive defence mechanisms (e.g., rationalisation), influence sustainable choices. With the number of vegans quadrupling since 2014 and increasing calls for climate action, this research has applications in health promotion, food product development, animal welfare, environmental conservation, food sustainability, and future policy.
Morality, bioethics, and medicine
This area of my research has largely focused on determining: 1) whether moral judgments change with experience working in "helping professions", 2) how professionals navigate conflicts between their personal and professional moral identities, and 3) whether there is an empathy crisis in medicine and healthcare. Extending from this, my research has started to consider moral perceptions of the incorporation of AI into medical decision-making .
Previous positions
- Lecturer (Assistant Professor) in Psychology and Director of the Moral Minds Lab, University of Leeds (2025)
- Lecturer (Assistant Professor) in Psychology and Lead for Keele Augmented Virtual and Extended Reality Network (KAVERN), University of Keele (2021 - 2025).
Key publications
Don’t mind milk? The role of animal suffering, speciesism, and guilt in the denial of mind and moral status of dairy cows
Journal article
Ioannidou M. et al, (2024), Food Quality and Preference, 114, 105082 - 105082
Moral psychology of nursing robots: Exploring the role of robots in dilemmas of patient autonomy
Journal article
Laakasuo M. et al, (2023), European Journal of Social Psychology, 53, 108 - 128
Virtual morality in the helping professions: Simulated action and resilience.
Journal article
Francis KB. et al, (2018), Br J Psychol, 109, 442 - 465
Simulating Moral Actions: An Investigation of Personal Force in Virtual Moral Dilemmas.
Journal article
Francis KB. et al, (2017), Sci Rep, 7
Virtual Morality: Transitioning from Moral Judgment to Moral Action?
Journal article
Francis KB. et al, (2016), PLoS One, 11
Recent publications
Moral Identities in Hyrule: Heroes or villains? Beneficiaries or victims?
Chapter
Francis K., (2025)
Moral psychological exploration of the asymmetry effect in AI-assisted euthanasia decisions.
Journal article
Laakasuo M. et al, (2025), Cognition, 262
Identity Fusion between Imaginary Characters and Oneself During Moral Dilemmas: An Examination of Cognitive Quarantine During Adult Pretend Play and Pretensive Shared Reality
Journal article
Holmes J. et al, (2025), Imagination Cognition and Personality
Children’s belief in Santa Claus and Moral behavior: A two-wave longitudinal study of children’s prosocial behavior during Christmas
Journal article
Kapitany R. et al, (2025), Current Research in Behavioral Sciences, 9
The Changing Moral Environment—A Three-Wave Study Testing Four Moral Theories and the Fear of COVID-19 in Predicting Compliance with Behavioral Guidelines on COVID-19, Moralization Toward Non-Compliance, and Vaccination
Journal article
Kunnari A. et al, (2024), Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 46, 334 - 352
Minding some animals but not others: Strategic attributions of mental capacities and moral worth to animals used for food in pescatarians, vegetarians, and omnivores.
Journal article
Ioannidou M. et al, (2024), Appetite, 200
Workplace stressor factors, profiles and the relationship to career stage in UK veterinarians, veterinary nurses and students.
Journal article
Spendelow J. et al, (2024), Vet Med Sci, 10
To beckon or not to beckon: Testing a causal-evaluative modelling approach to moral judgment: A registered report
Journal article
McHugh C. et al, (2024), Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 113
Don’t mind milk? The role of animal suffering, speciesism, and guilt in the denial of mind and moral status of dairy cows
Journal article
Ioannidou M. et al, (2024), Food Quality and Preference, 114, 105082 - 105082
Feeling morally troubled about meat, dairy, egg, and fish consumption: Dissonance reduction strategies among different dietary groups.
Journal article
Ioannidou M. et al, (2023), Appetite, 190
Empathy Training through Virtual Reality: Moral Enhancement with the Freedom to Fall?
Journal article
Earp BD. et al, (2023), Ethics and Information Technology
The role of confidence in knowledge ascriptions: an evidence-seeking approach
Journal article
Francis KB. and Beaman CP., (2023), Synthese, 202
Moral emotions and justifying beliefs about meat, fish, dairy and egg consumption: A comparative study of dietary groups.
Journal article
Ioannidou M. et al, (2023), Appetite, 186
n empirical investigation of intuitions about uptake
Journal article
Fisher SA. et al, (2023), Inquiry, 1 - 33
Moral judgement and decision-making: theoretical predictions and null results.
Journal article
Hertz U. et al, (2023), Sci Rep, 13
Moral psychology of nursing robots: Exploring the role of robots in dilemmas of patient autonomy
Journal article
Laakasuo M. et al, (2023), European Journal of Social Psychology, 53, 108 - 128
Would you exchange your soul for immortality?-existential meaning and afterlife beliefs predict mind upload approval.
Journal article
Laakasuo M. et al, (2023), Front Psychol, 14
Data from an International Multi-Centre Study of Statistics and Mathematics Anxieties and Related Variables in University Students (the SMARVUS Dataset).
Journal article
Terry J. et al, (2023), J Open Psychol Data, 11
Virtual Reality in Experimental Moral Psychology: Identifying and Understanding Judgment-Action Discrepancy
Chapter
Francis KB., (2023), 153 - 169
Corpus Study of Know: On the Verification of Philosophers' Frequency Claims about Language
Journal article
Hansen N. et al, (2021), Episteme, 18, 242 - 268
Moral Decision-Making During COVID-19: Moral Judgements, Moralisation, and Everyday Behaviour.
Journal article
Francis KB. and McNabb CB., (2021), Front Psychol, 12
The moral foreign language effect is stable across presentation modalities.
Journal article
Muda R. et al, (2020), Q J Exp Psychol (Hove), 73, 1930 - 1938
Openness across Disciplines: Reflecting on a Multiple Disciplinary Summer School
Chapter
Torre I. et al, (2020), 300 - 328
lcohol, empathy, and morality: acute effects of alcohol consumption on affective empathy and moral decision-making.
Journal article
Francis KB. et al, (2019), Psychopharmacology (Berl), 236, 3477 - 3496
Sanay Kami sa Bagyo (We are Used to Storms): Unpacking "irrational" Evacuation Decision making within the Sentient Ecology during Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)
Chapter
Cajilig PG. et al, (2019), 89 - 118
STAKES, SCALES, AND SKEPTICISM
Journal article
Francis KB. et al, (2019), ERGO-AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY, 6, 427 - 487
The Experimental Psychology of Moral Enhancement: We Should If We Could, But We Can't
Journal article
Terbeck S. and Francis KB., (2018), Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement, 83, 313 - 328
Virtual morality in the helping professions: Simulated action and resilience.
Journal article
Francis KB. et al, (2018), Br J Psychol, 109, 442 - 465
Simulating Moral Actions: An Investigation of Personal Force in Virtual Moral Dilemmas.
Journal article
Francis KB. et al, (2017), Sci Rep, 7
Thinkering through experiments: Nurturing transdisciplinary approaches to the design of testing tools
Journal article
Francis KB. et al, (2017), Avant, 8, 107 - 115
Virtual Morality: Transitioning from Moral Judgment to Moral Action?
Journal article
Francis KB. et al, (2016), PLoS One, 11
